Hazy, Hot, Humid
... & Very Dangerous

When the temperature soars and humidity rises, it's wise to take precautions to avoid dangerous health consequences such as heat exhaustion and heat stroke.The most susceptible among us are seniors, children, and people with chronic illnesses. However, everyone is at risk. Here are the major symptoms of heat exhaustion and heat stroke and some tips to help you cope with health emergencies during the dog days of summer.

HEAT EXHAUSTION
(overheating due to lack of fluids)
The early symptoms of heat exhaustion can sneak up on you. Some people feel a bit lightheaded and weak and might have a touch of nausea. Serious problems develop when symptoms are ignored and additional fluids are not taken right away. The primary cause of heat exhaustion is dehydration and a loss of electrolytes such as sodium. Generally, try to stay well-hydrated and take in extra salt (for those of you who can use salt). Dehydration is easier to prevent than it is to treat. Drink plenty of fluids, even though you don't feel thirsty - you can't count on your thirst mechanism to warn you. Thirst is a delayed response to fluid depletion. By the time you feel thirsty, you are already way too low on fluids.

Heat exhaustion is a direct result of dehydration. It occurs when fluid losses from sweating & respiration exceed your internal fluid reserves.

Symptoms of heat exhaustion include:

• Body temperature usually normal or only slightly elevated.
• Dry mouth.
• Fatigue, weakness.
• Dizziness.
• Headache.
• Nausea, sometimes vomiting.
• Weak and rapid pulse.
• Sweating.
• Cool, clammy, pale skin.

NOTE: Symptoms may take time to manifest themselves - sometimes up to several hours after dehydration has occurred.

Treatments for heat exhaustion:

• Get out of the sun and into a cool place.
• Drink more fluids (electrolyte sports drinks may help), but don't drink too fast or you could become nauseous.
• Eat salty snacks.
• Rest.
• Loosen clothing.

HEAT STROKE
(overheating due to heat overload)
Be aware: Heat stroke can occur independently of heat exhaustion. Heat stroke does not necessarily have anything to do with a lack of fluids. It occurs when the body’s cooling mechanisms are overwhelmed and the body’s core temperature rises faster than the body can handle it. Once the core temperature becomes too high, the body's natural cooling mechanisms (sweating & vasodilation) shut down entirely. Its onset can be very quick, sudden and life threatening. A victim can die within minutes if not treated properly. Once heat stroke is recognized, efforts to reduce the victim’s body core temperature must begin immediately.

Heat Stroke is a MEDICAL EMERGENCY.
Call 9-1-1 or transport victim to a hospital immediately.

Symptoms of heat stroke include:

• Very high body temperature (103 degrees or higher).
• Hot, dry, red skin.
• No sweating.
• Disorientation, hallucinations, delirium
• Rapid breathing and fast pulse, then slow breathing and weak pulse.
• Convulsions.
• Loss of consciousness.

NOTE: Symptoms appear suddenly & heat stroke can become life threatening within 10 - 15 minutes of the first symptoms. If treatment is not given immediately, permanent damage can occur to internal organs.

Immediate care for a heat stroke victim includes:

• Move victim to a cool place indoors or into the shade outdoors.
• Lower victim’s body temperature as soon as possible.
• Wet the victim’s clothing or wrap the victim in a wet sheet.
• Fan victim with electric fan or manually.
• Place ice packs or cold compresses on the neck, under armpits, and in the groin area.
• If practical, immerse the victim in cool water.
• If the victim is conscious, try to get the person to slowly drink cool water.
• If delirious, victim may not be able to drink (do not force them).

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